Mary: Hello, Andrew, isn’t it?
Andrew: Hi, yes that’s right. And you must be Mrs. Jones.
Mary: Yes I am, but please call me Mary. Come in and I’ll show you the
apartment.
Andrew: Great, thanks. I’ll just make a few notes as we go around, if you
don’t mind?
Mary: That’s fine. So first, a few general points, Andrew. You probably saw
in the advert that the apartment is partly furnished.
Andrew: That’s OK – I’ve got a bit of furniture myself.
Mary: And also, please, pets are not permitted in the apartment. (Q1)
Andrew: No problem – I don’t have any.
Mary: Well, shall we start in the kitchen, it’s through here.
Andrew: Oh, it’s nice and big, isn’t it?
Mary: Yes, a good size for a one-bedroom apartment. It’s got everything
you’ll need. The dishwasher is quite old now but it’s very reliable. And
I’ve just replaced the fridge (Q2), so that’s never been used.
Andrew: Great. It all looks really good.
Mary: Well, follow me through into the lounge, Andrew. Here we are.
Andrew: I like the wooden floorboards. But I might want to put down a
rug on the floor as well, if that’s OK.
Mary: Oh yes, of course.
Andrew: I’ve also got lots of books.
Mary: Well, as a matter of fact, I’ve just arranged for a builder to come
and put up a set of shelves on that wall there. (Q3) So that’ll be convenient for
your books.
Andrew: That’ll be great. Then, is that the bedroom through there?
Mary: Yes, that’s right. Come through.
Andrew: There’s a nice big wardrobe, and a chest of drawers.
Mary: Yes, plenty of storage.
Andrew: But if I wanted a lamp beside my bed, I guess I’d need to provide
that myself? (Q4)
Mary: Yes, you would.
Andrew: That’s no problem, I’ve got one that’d do.
Mary: And then this is the bathroom. It’s only a small space, so there’s no
bath, just a shower.
Andrew: And the water heating, that looks like it’s gas, right? (Q5)
Mary: Yes, electricity is more expensive in my view.
Andrew: You’re probably right.
Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10.
Andrew: Well, I really like the apartment, Mary, and I’d like to take it if
that’s OK with you?
Mary: Yes, absolutely Andrew, I’d be delighted. So why don’t we have a
look at the tenancy form. We’re supposed to fill that in together.
Andrew: Yeah, sure.
Mary: Now, I’ve got a form here. So first of all, I need some of your details.
What’s your full name Andrew?
Andrew: It’s Andrew Connaught. That’s spelt: C-O-N-N-A-U-G-H-T. (Q6)
Mary: Great, got that. And what’s the best way to contact you Andrew?
Andrew: Well, you’ve got my mobile number.
Mary: Yes, I know. But an email address would be good as well, in case I
need to send you documents.
Andrew: Oh right, I see. Well my email is andrew171 at interglobe.com –
spelt: I-N-T-E-R-G-L-O-B-E (Q7)
Mary: Great, OK thanks. Then, I really need an identification number of
some sort.
Andrew: Oh, dear. I haven’t got my passport with me.
Mary: A driver’s licence number will do
Andrew: Oh right, I’ve got that, hang on. It’s: E 738 2991 TP (Q8)
Mary: Right, good. So, now just a few tenancy details. When would you
like to move in?
Andrew: Well, as soon as possible, really.
Mary: Right, well like I mentioned, there’s a builder coming, that’s on the
4th of April. So, really, any time after that’s fine.
Andrew: The 4th is a Friday, isn’t it? And that weekend I’m going away. So
how about the 7th of April? (Q9)
Mary: Yes, that works well. Now, you’ll have seen from the advertisement
that the rent is $315 per week.
Andrew: Yes, that’s OK.
Mary: And there’s also a bond to pay before you move it. It’s like a
deposit – and you’ll get it back at the end of your tenancy.
Andrew: How much is that?
Mary: Well, I try to be reasonable. A typical bond for a 1-bedroom in this
part of the city is $500. But I only ask for $450. (Q10)
Andrew: OK, that should be fine.
Mary: Now what I’ll do Andrew is email you my bank account details and
you can…

Questions 1–5
1 pets
2 fridge
Mary has ‘just replaced’ the fridge and it has ‘never been used’, so it must be ‘new’.
Distraction The dishwasher is old but still reliable, so it cannot be the ‘new’ item.
3 shelves
Mary says she has arranged for a builder to come in and ‘put up’ a set of shelves; put up = make or build in this context. Distraction Andrew says he will bring a rug for the floor, but a rug isn’t ‘built’.
4 lamp
Andrew asks if he would need to provide his own lamp and Mary replies that he would.
Distraction Andrew comments that there is a wardrobe and a chest of drawers, so he would not need to ‘bring’ either of those himself.
5 gas
Andrew asks if the water is heated by gas and Mary replies that it is.
Distraction Electricity is mentioned, but Mary says it is too expensive.

Questions 6–10
6 Connaught
7 interglobe
8 E 738 2991 TP
9 7/7th April
Distraction Mary mentions that a builder is coming on 4 April.
10 450
Distraction Mary says that a typical bond is $500, but she only asks for $450.

Melanie: OK so, next up on this morning’s show – Dan Johnson’s going to
tell us what’s on in the city this weekend. Dan.

Dan: Well thanks Melanie and there’s certainly a great program of
entertainment this weekend – something for everyone. So first, it’s the
Writers’ Festival again, and just like last year the Festival has attracted
more than 250 writers from around the world. The writers will be talking
about their latest books and there’s always an opportunity for audience
members to ask the writers about their work. In the past the Festival
has been based at the Victoria Theatre, which wasn’t really big enough.
So this year they’re going to be using a number of other venues as well.
More information and tickets are available from the website. (Q11)

Now something I’m really looking forward to is Wearable Art on Saturday
evening. This fashion show’s always been held in the capital, so it’s very
exciting that it’s coming to our city for the first time and I’ve already got
my ticket. And they’ve just announced a 20% discount on all tickets (Q12), to
encourage a good turnout. Tickets can be bought online, or at the door.

Something slightly different is Ocean Times – that’s on Sunday morning
at Bright’s Beach. Now you might be thinking it’s the wrong time of
year to go to the beach for a swim or build sandcastles with the kids,
and you’d be right. But what’s happening is, there’s going to be a
number of large tents put up on the beach, for workshops, displays
and presentations. It’s a chance for the whole family to learn about the
science of the ocean and marine eco-systems and how to protect them. (Q13)
Sounds like a good way to spend your Sunday.

Now, you may already have seen the advertising for the Artscape
Exhibition. This is an outdoor exhibition of sculptures and installation art
that officially opens this evening and you can go along whenever suits
you over the weekend. It’s being held up at the Sanctuary Reserve and
the idea is, you wander wherever you want around the Reserve, enjoying
the artworks in a natural environment. I’d recommend you take a warm
coat, though, because it can get quite windy up there. (Q14)

Now, the Civil Theatre is open for tours this weekend, too. This is a great
chance to go backstage at the city’s largest theatre and see all its secrets.
This event is only held once a year so these opportunities to tour the Civil
aren’t too frequent. (Q15) I went last time and can tell you it’s well worth it.

Dan: OK, so what I’ll do now is just run through a few more events that
are on over the weekend. So every Friday night, of course, is the Night
Market – a great place to eat delicious street food from around the world.
If you haven’t been before, it’s in the old Smith Street warehouse, just a
short walk from Central Station. This is often really popular so get there
in good time to be sure you beat the rush. (Q16)

There’s also the local Buskers’ Festival, on Saturday and Sunday
afternoons. This is a chance for buskers and street performers from
across the city to perform at an organised event. If you’re interested in
going along please note – it was going to be in King’s Square, but actually
it’s now going to be held down on the waterfront (Q17), where there’ll be
plenty of space for everyone.

Now later this afternoon it’s Stand Up For Kids. This is a stand-up comedy
show aimed particularly at children aged from 5 to 10. This is being held
in the hall at Swanson College at 4 p.m. today. Just bear in mind that
the roads around the college can get pretty congested at that time on a
Friday (Q18), so allow plenty of time to get there. But it’s bound to be a great
show and the hall at Swanson is huge so you shouldn’t find it hard to get
a seat.

Then it’s Sunday Unplugged on Sunday afternoon, with a number of
local bands playing at the old post office building in Morningside. There’s
a great range of acts this week – check online for details. Though it’s
the usual issue with the old post office venue – no parking at all in that
part of the central city. (Q19) And the train service is suspended on Sunday for
repairs, so if you’re taking the bus, leave early.

And on Saturday evening it’s the Ignite Dance Finals. This is the final of
the inter-school dance competition so I know there’ll be a huge turnout.
If you haven’t already got your ticket I’d do so without delay to avoid
disappointment. (Q20) It’s being held in the Ridgeway Theatre, same as last
year, so there’ll be a great atmosphere.

Now one other…

Questions 11–15
11 C
Victoria Theatre wasn’t really big enough in the past, so this year there will be ‘a number of other venues as well’.
Distraction A, ‘just like last year the festival has attracted more than 250 writers from around the world’, so there’s been no increase in international guests. B, there’s ‘always’ time for audience members to ask questions, so no change here.
12 B
There is a 20% discount on all tickets, which means they have been reduced in price.
Distraction A, the speaker says he’s already bought his ticket, but says nothing about how many have sold so far. C, tickets can be bought ‘at the door’, so do not have to be booked in advance.
13 B
a chance for the whole family to learn about the science of the ocean = an educational event; for the whole family = for all ages
Distraction A, the speaker mentions swimming, but says it’s the wrong time of year. B, he also says it’s the wrong time of year to build sandcastles with the kids.
14 A
I’d recommend you take a warm coat = should wear appropriate clothing
Distraction B, visitors can wander wherever they want around the reserve; they don’t have to keep to the path. C, visitors can go to the exhibition at any time over the weekend.
15 A
these opportunities . . . aren’t too frequent = do not happen often
Distraction B, the speaker ‘went last time’, meaning ‘last year’, so it must have been held before. C, the event is only held once a year, which doesn’t imply any change in timetable in future.

Questions 16–20
16 C
it’s often really popular . . . to beat the rush = might be crowded
Distraction B, it’s just a short walk from Central Station, so transport is actually quite simple.
17 A
The location has changed from King’s Square tothe waterfront.
Distraction B, the speaker refers to the buskerscoming from ‘across the city’. In this context thismeans they come from all parts of the city, and doesnot refer to travelling across the city. C, there’s morespace on the waterfront, so crowding is unlikely to
be an issue.
18 B
The speaker warns that the roads around the college can be congested at that time on a Friday.
Distraction C, the roads may be congested, but not the event itself. C, the speaker says the hall is huge so everyone will get a seat.
19 B
It’s hard to park in that part of the central city and the train service is suspended, therefore transport is a problem.
Distraction The venue, the old post office, is mentioned several times, but there is no reference to the location having changed.
20 C
The speaker says there’ll be a huge turnout and to get your ticket without delay so as to avoid disappointment, i.e. all the tickets might sell out.
Distraction A, the venue is the same as last year, the Ridgway Theatre.

Maia: So, Daniel, shall we compare a few ideas for our assignment on
how babies and children learn?
Daniel: Good idea, I’ve started the reading. One thing I read about was
these ‘learning videos’.
Maia: Oh yeah, I read about learning videos. The baby watches a short
film with some basic vocabulary, maths and science, and they learn as
they watch – that’s the idea. Certainly, babies will pay attention to videos
for long periods of time.
Daniel: Yeah, but there’s been research to show that babies don’t learn
effectively from screens. Actually, they learn by interacting with their
parents and other caregivers (Q21)– that’s the best approach.
Maia: Mmm, it’s interesting. Another issue with learning videos is that
babies ought to have play time.
Daniel: You mean in a group?
Maia: Not necessarily, it can be alone, actually. But what’s important is
that they investigate their own environment. They should examine the
objects around them and experiment. So they discover information for
themselves. (Q22) And they don’t get that sitting in front of a film.
Daniel: That’s a good point. Then, I also thought I’d write about the
‘present research’ in my assignment.
Maia: Oh yeah, I read a bit about the present research. And it’s true,
isn’t it? When you give a baby a present or gift, some of them are more
interested in the wrapping paper than the present itself.
Daniel: But it’s not some of them. The research shows that pretty much
every baby prefers the paper to the present, (Q23) whether male or female –
it’s just a human characteristic.
Maia: Really? I’d thought there’d be more exceptions.
Daniel: Apparently not. It seems that playing with the paper, or ribbons,
or box, stimulates the baby’s senses. They touch everything, climb into
the box, put the ribbon into their mouths. And brain scans have shown
that sight, sound, touch, smell and taste are all stimulated in this way.
Maia: It’s amazing the research has produced so much specific
information, just from studying presents! (Q24) I hadn’t expected that. The
results cover so many different aspects of baby behaviour.
Daniel: Yeah, exactly. But it shows us that babies learn by playing.
Maia: So we shouldn’t stop wrapping up babies’ presents.
Daniel: No, definitely not!
Maia: Then I also read about babies and second languages. There was
a really interesting bilingual experiment in Spain. They tried teaching
English to a group of 280 Spanish children in different preschools.
Daniel: So the research subjects were in different schools?
Maia: Yes, but the researchers deliberately selected teachers who all
had the same education. They’d been trained to use a style that focused
on play and social interaction. (Q25) So because of that, the experiment was
standardised across all the schools, that’s really important.
Daniel: Yeah, I agree, that was a great idea.
Maia: The subjects were aged between 7 months and 3 years old. And the
children were given a one-hour English lesson for 18 weeks.
Daniel: Did they seem to enjoy the lessons?
Maia: I don’t have any information on that. But at the end of the experiment,
each child could produce an average of 74 English words or phrases.
Daniel: But did they remember them?
Maia: Well, follow up testing showed that the classes had a long-term
benefit, (Q26) yes.
Daniel: Wow, that’s remarkable, especially considering some of the
children were so young.
Maia: I think so too. It really shows how babies and small children can
learn through playing.
Daniel: Yeah, I wonder if other schools will try the same thing in future.
Maia: It’ll be interesting to see what happens.

Daniel: So, Maia, let’s discuss some more ideas about how babies learn.
What other research have you read about?
were given toys to play with. And their caregivers sometimes repeated
the same movements as the baby, and sometimes did something
different. And Dr Pritchard monitored the baby’s electrical brain
activity. The results showed that babies were happiest when parents or
caregivers imitated their behaviour. (Q27)
Daniel: Maybe that could be used as a teaching tool?
Maia: Yeah, absolutely.
Daniel: Then I read about a study of 3-year-olds. This was interesting.
The researchers experimented by doing things like dropping a pen or
knocking something off a desk.
Maia: And did the children do the same thing?
Daniel: No, what they often did though, was pick up the pen. They
wanted to give someone assistance if they could, if they thought
someone else had a problem. (Q28) So I think that shows how babies are more
likely to learn by working with caregivers and teachers, rather than in
isolation.
Maia: Then have you heard of Professor Michelson?
Daniel: Is he a linguist?
Maia: You’re thinking of someone else. Professor Michelson did a study
where babies had to push buttons. Some buttons switched on a light and
some didn’t. And after a little experimentation, the babies nearly always
pushed a button that switched on a light.
Daniel: You mean, they knew the light would come on?
Maia: Professor Michelson thinks so. He believes they recognised that a
certain thing would happen, as a result of a certain action. (Q29) So maybe that
has implications for learning.
Daniel: Interesting. I also looked at a study in the United States. This
showed that babies as young as 16 months have some knowledge of
how language is structured. (Q30) In a simple sense, they seemed to know the
function of nouns and verbs. And the researchers believe this is linked to
the way they learn the meaning of new words.
Maia: Oh, really? Amazing they start so young. I’d like to read about
that…

Questions 21–26
21/22 B and E, (in any order)
B,
Maia says that babies need to investigate their own environment. ‘They should examine the objects around them and experiment . . . discover information for themselves.’
E,
Daniel says that babies learn by interacting with their parents and caregivers. Distraction A, Maia says that babies will pay attention to the videos for long periods of time. C, Maia says babies don’t need to play in a group – it can be alone. D, Daniel says that babies don’t learn effectively from screens, but not that screens do them any harm.
23/24 B and C, (in any order)
B,
Maia is amazed ‘the research has produced so much specific information’. She says she hadn’t expected the results to cover ‘so many different aspects of baby behaviour’.
C,
Daniel says it isn’t some, but that ‘pretty much every baby prefers the
paper to the present’. Maia had thought there would be more exceptions. Distraction A, Daniel says we should not stop wrapping up presents. D, Daniel says that both males and females behave the same way. E, there are several references to methodology, including brain scans, but no mention of criticism.
25/26 A and D, (in any order)
A,
Maia says that ‘follow-up testing showed that the classes had a long-term benefit’. Both students agree that this is impressive.
D,
Maia says that all the teachers had the same training that emphasised the importance of play, and they both agree that this was important for the experiment to be valid.
Distraction B, some details about the research subjects are given but no comment is made regarding the number. C, Daniel asks if the children enjoyed themselves, but Maia has no information on that. E, at present, the response of the schools is
not known.

Questions 27–30
27 C
Maia mentions that parents and caregivers sometimes repeated the same movements, and concludes that babies were happiest when their
behaviour was imitated. Distraction B, there are references to movement. D, the babies were given toys to play with, but there is no reference to them being excited or surprised by this.
28 F
Daniel says that the babies wanted to give assistance. If they thought someone had a problem, they wanted to help. Distraction D, there is reference to a surprise such as
a pen being dropped, but no reference to the babies being excited by this. C, Maia asks if the babies copied the researchers’ behaviour, but Daniel says no.
29 A
Maia says the babies recognised the relationship between reason and result, because they knew the light would come on. Distraction B, ‘pushing’ the buttons may suggest physical exercise but that is not the nature of this experiment. E, Daniel asks if he is a linguist, but is confusing him with someone else.
30 E
The babies have some knowledge of how language is structured, and can recognise nouns and verbs, etc. Distraction D, Maia expresses surprise at the research finding, but that doesn’t relate to the babies being surprised.

Student: Well, hi everyone. In my presentation today I’m going to be
talking about Sarah Guppy, a female engineer in Britain in the 19th
century.

So, first some background. Um, so in Britain at that time, there weren’t
many women engineers. But the 19th century was a time of great change
in Britain and women were becoming increasingly active in many
aspects of society. So one example would be Jane Harrison, who was a
linguist and an expert on ancient civilisations. Jane Harrison is credited
with being the first woman to be employed as an academic at a British
university. (Q31) And slowly women were being employed in more fields during
this period. Let me just give you a few statistics to illustrate. Um, so, by
the end of the 19th century, there were thousands of musicians and
actors more than half in each group women. When it came to the
professions, the numbers were much lower. So dentists – there were 140
women, and there were 212 women who were employed as doctors (Q32) at
the end of the century.

OK, so moving onto Sarah Guppy herself. Sarah was born in 1770 in the
city of Birmingham into a family of merchants. Aged 25 she married
Samuel Guppy and moved to the city of Bristol. Then in 1811, she
patented her first invention. This was a method of building bridges that
were so strong they could withstand even severe floods (Q33), which might
otherwise have destroyed the bridge. Her idea was used by the engineer
Isambard Kingdom Brunel when he built the famous Clifton Suspension
bridge. Sarah was not directly involved in this project as an engineer.
However, she is known to have constructed models (Q34) representing the
entire structure, and these were of great assistance to Brunel when he
built the Clifton Suspension bridge. What’s more, Sarah was involved
in the project to build the Clifton Suspension bridge in another way,
too. Together with her husband, Sarah was an important investor in the
project (Q35), and did well out of it financially.


Student: However, Sarah’s talents as an engineer and designer went
beyond bridges. One of her inventions was the so-called ‘barnacle
buster’. This was a device that increased the speed at which ships could
sail (Q36), by preventing tiny creatures like barnacles growing on them. Sarah
also had an interest in railways. Now, the 19th century was a time when a
huge number of railway lines were being built across Britain. Frequently,
this involved digging ‘cuttings’, where the railway line was cut into a hill.
And Sarah encouraged trees and vegetation to be planted in cuttings to
reduce the problem of erosion (Q37) – a technique that is still commonly used
today.

I’d also like to mention that some of Sarah Guppy’s machines are quite
amusing when we look back at them today. One that stood out for me
was a machine that made tea, kept toast warm and boiled an egg all
at the same time, so you could sit down for a typical British breakfast (Q38)
without waiting for anything. It’s quite strange to look at but I guess
it might have been convenient! Then there was one area where Sarah
was really ahead of her time because she designed an early type of
equipment that’s very common today. This was a sort of gym machine
that you could keep at home. (Q39) And in the last 150 years or so that’s an
industry that has really taken off.

OK, so in conclusion, what can we say about the career of Sarah
Guppy? She certainly wasn’t the only woman engineer in 19th century
Britain. I mean, for example there was Ada Lovelace, who is sometimes
described as the first computer programmer and Hertha Marks Ayrton,
a mathematician and electrical engineer. But still, Sarah’s contribution
was highly unusual. Just by way of illustration, it’s worth noting that it
wasn’t until 1906 – 54 years after Sarah’s death – that a woman studied
engineering at university and graduated as an engineer for the first time. (Q40)
Now one other thing…

31 academic
‘female’ in the question = ‘woman’ in the recording
32 doctors
the information in the question is in a different order in the recording to provide distraction
33 floods
‘survive’ in the question = ‘withstand’ in the recording
34 models
‘built’ in the question = ‘constructed’ in the recording
35 investor
‘significant’ in the question = ‘important’ in the recording
36 ships
‘faster’ in the question = ‘increased the speed at which’ in the recording
37 erosion
‘erosion’ is described as a ‘problem’ in the recording to highlight the issue. ‘cuttings’ provides distraction here, but cannot be the answer as an engineer would not wish to ‘stop’ them.
38 breakfast
It’s necessary to follow the development of the idea before the speaker gives the answer.
39 gym
The locator word ‘equipment’ comes after the answer in the question, but before it in the recording. Then in the recording ‘equipment’ is paraphrased as ‘machine’.
40 graduated
The date provides a clear locator word here.
‘graduated in engineering’ in the question = ‘graduated as an engineer’ in the recording
‘studied’ provides distraction, but doesn’t work with the preposition ‘in’